Programming languages
Filter by use case, platforms, language features and ecosystem. Profiles cover tooling, industry use, project support and release information.
Select two or three languages to compare. Selections stay when you filter.
| Language | Typing | Execution | Origin | Tracked release | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AdaPascal / Algol | Static | AOT | 1980 | Ada 2022Published language standard | |
| BashUnix shell | Dynamic | Interpreted | 1989 | 5.3Shell release | |
| BendFunctional / interaction nets | Static | AOT | 2024 | Bend 2 developmentDevelopment branch | |
| CC family | Static | AOT | 1972 | C23Language standard | |
| C#C family | Static | JIT · AOT | 2000 | 14Language version | |
| C++C family | Static | AOT | 1985 | C++23Language standard | |
| ChapelParallel / array | Static | AOT | 2009 | 2.10Compiler feature series | |
| ClojureLisp / JVM | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT · Transpiled | 2007 | 1.12.6Runtime release | |
| CoffeeScriptECMAScript-inspired | Dynamic | Transpiled | 2009 | 2.7.0Compiler release | |
| Common LispLisp | Dynamic | AOT · JIT · Interpreted | 1984 | ANSI X3.226-1994Language standard | |
| CrystalRuby-inspired | Static | AOT | 2014 | 1.22.0Compiler / toolchain | |
| DC / C++ family | Static | AOT | 2001 | 2.113.0DMD compiler release | |
| DartC-style application language | Static | AOT · JIT · Transpiled | 2011 | 3.10Language / SDK feature release | |
| ElixirErlang / BEAM family | GradualDynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 2012 | 1.20Feature release | |
| ErlangBEAM / functional | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 1986 | OTP 29.1Runtime / OTP feature release | |
| F#ML / .NET | Static | Bytecode VM · JIT · Transpiled | 2005 | 10Language version | |
| FortranFortran / numerical | Static | AOT | 1957 | Fortran 2023Language standard | |
| GDScriptPython-inspired game scripting | DynamicGradual | Bytecode VM | 2014 | Godot 4.6.3Engine / scripting runtime | |
| GoC / CSP family | Static | AOT | 2009 | 1.27.3Compiler / toolchain | |
| HaskellML / lazy functional family | Static | AOT · Bytecode VM | 1990 | Haskell 2010Language report | |
| HaxeECMAScript-inspired | Static | Transpiled · Bytecode VM | 2005 | 4.3.7Compiler / toolchain | |
| JavaC family | Static | Bytecode VM · JIT · AOT | 1995 | 27.0.1JDK implementation | |
| JavaScriptECMAScript family | Dynamic | JIT · Bytecode VM | 1995 | ECMAScript 2026Language standard | |
| JuliaScientific / multiple dispatch | Dynamic | JIT | 2012 | 1.13.2Runtime release | |
| KotlinJVM / C-style | Static | Bytecode VM · JIT · AOT · Transpiled | 2011 | 2.4.21Compiler / toolchain | |
| LuaScripting family | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 1993 | 5.5.1Reference implementation | |
| MojoPython-inspired | Static | AOT · JIT | 2023 | 1.1.0Compiler / toolchain | |
| NimPascal / Python-inspired | Static | AOT · Transpiled | 2008 | 2.2.12Compiler / toolchain | |
| Object PascalPascal / Algol | Static | AOT | 1985 | Free Pascal 3.2.2Compiler release | |
| OCamlML family | Static | AOT · Bytecode VM | 1996 | 5.5.1Compiler / runtime | |
| OdinC-style | Static | AOT | 2016 | Rolling developmentCompiler development snapshots | |
| PascalPascal / Algol | Static | AOT | 1970 | ISO 7185:1990Language standard | |
| PerlUnix scripting | Dynamic | Bytecode VM | 1987 | 5.44.0Runtime release | |
| PharoSmalltalk | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 2008 | 13.1Image / language distribution | |
| PHPC / scripting | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 1995 | 8.5.12Runtime release | |
| PowerShellObject shell / .NET | Dynamic | Interpreted · JIT | 2006 | 7.6Runtime feature series | |
| PrologLogic programming | Dynamic | Bytecode VM | 1972 | SWI-Prolog 10.0Runtime feature series | |
| PythonABC / scripting family | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 1991 | 3.15.1CPython implementation | |
| RStatistical / S family | Dynamic | Interpreted · Bytecode VM | 1993 | 4.6.1Runtime release | |
| RacketLisp / Scheme | DynamicStatic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 1995 | 9.3Language / runtime distribution | |
| RubyDynamic / Smalltalk-inspired | Dynamic | Bytecode VM · JIT | 1995 | 4.0.8Runtime release | |
| RustC / ML family | Static | AOT | 2010 | 1.99.1Compiler / toolchain | |
| ScalaJVM / functional | Static | Bytecode VM · JIT · AOT · Transpiled | 2004 | 3.10.0Language / compiler release | |
| SchemeLisp | Dynamic | AOT · JIT · Interpreted | 1975 | R7RS-smallLanguage report | |
| SwiftC / functional | Static | AOT | 2014 | 6.3Language / compiler feature release | |
| SystemVerilogHardware description / Verilog | Static | Simulation · Synthesis | 2002 | IEEE 1800-2023Language standard | |
| TypeScriptECMAScript family | Static | Transpiled · JIT · Bytecode VM | 2012 | 7.0Feature release | |
| VHDLHardware description | Static | Simulation · Synthesis | 1983 | IEEE 1076-2019Language standard | |
| ZigC-style systems | Static | AOT | 2016 | 0.17.0Compiler / toolchain |
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